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General health information

Phobia

A phobia is a strong, lasting fear of a particular object or situation, even though the actual danger is usually much smaller than the fear suggests. Avoidance brings temporary relief but often keeps the fear going. Cognitive behavioural therapy with safe, gradual exposure helps many people.

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  • A phobia is a treatable anxiety disorder in which a specific object or situation repeatedly triggers intense fear.
  • The fear often leads to avoidance, enduring the situation with intense anxiety or continually arranging for someone else to provide protection.
  • Avoidance feels immediately rewarding because anxiety falls, but unintentionally reinforces the idea that escape was necessary.
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy with graded exposure is an important treatment. You practise repeatedly and safely, without progressing faster than is appropriate.
  • A phobia is not a character flaw. Fear responses are learned and can be readjusted through suitable treatment.

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Further reading

Browse A–Z
A
AgoraphobiaAgoraphobia causes strong fear in situations where escape or getting help seems difficult, such as transport, shops, queues or open spaces. Avoidance restricts life. Cognitive behavioural therapy with gradual exposure often helps considerably.
S
Social anxiety disorderSocial anxiety disorder involves a strong, persistent fear of being judged negatively or humiliated. Avoidance often maintains the anxiety. Cognitive behavioural therapy is an important effective treatment.
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Panic disorderIn panic disorder, unexpected panic attacks recur and the person remains afraid of further attacks or their consequences. Treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy and sometimes medicines often helps.