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Vaginal discharge

Vaginal discharge is often a normal mixture of mucus, fluid and bacteria that changes during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and sexual arousal. A new strong smell, changed colour or texture, itching, pain, bleeding or lower abdominal pain may suggest infection or another condition and needs targeted assessment rather than self-treatment based on appearance alone.

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Vaginal discharge is often a normal mixture of mucus, fluid and bacteria that changes during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and sexual arousal. A new strong smell, changed colour or texture, itching, pain, bleeding or lower abdominal pain may suggest infection or another condition and needs targeted assessment rather than self-treatment based on appearance alone.

  • Normal discharge is clear to white, does not smell unpleasant and causes no pain, severe itching or fever.
  • Thin grey-white discharge with a fishy smell may suggest bacterial vaginosis, but appearance alone does not confirm the diagnosis.
  • Wash only the outside gently with lukewarm water, and do not rinse inside the vagina.
  • Without a diagnosis, do not use leftover antibiotics, boric acid or repeated antifungal treatments, particularly during pregnancy.
  • Make an appointment for changes in smell, colour or texture, particularly with itching, painful urination, sores or recurring symptoms.
  • For urgent GP care outside normal opening hours, call HAP 9252. Call Ambulance 912 only for an immediately life-threatening situation.

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Further reading

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B
Bacterial vaginosisIn bacterial vaginosis, the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina has changed. Thin grey-white discharge and a fishy smell are typical, but itching or pain may have another cause. It is not a classic STI, although sexual factors play a role and testing is sometimes needed.
V
Vaginal thrushA vaginal yeast infection is usually caused by Candida and often causes itching, redness and white discharge. The symptoms resemble other vaginal conditions. Have an assessment for a first episode, pregnancy, recurrent symptoms or insufficient recovery.
V
Vaginal bleedingVaginal bleeding outside a normal period, after sex, during pregnancy or after the menopause needs assessment. Many causes are not serious, but some need prompt treatment.