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Enlarged breasts in men

Enlarged breasts in men may consist of extra fat, growth of breast gland tissue or both. Glandular growth is called gynaecomastia and is common during puberty and in older age. It is usually benign, but a hard lump on one side, a nipple change or an armpit lymph node needs investigation.

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  • Gynaecomastia is growth of breast gland tissue in a man or boy. It differs from extra fatty tissue alone.
  • It is common in newborns, during puberty and in older age because of natural hormonal changes.
  • Medicines, anabolic steroids, alcohol, drugs and conditions affecting the testicles, thyroid, liver or kidneys may contribute.
  • Breast cancer in men is much rarer than gynaecomastia, but a hard lump on one side or nipple and skin changes always need assessment.
  • Treatment ranges from explanation and observation to addressing the cause, specialist medicines in selected early cases or surgery.

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Further reading

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E
Enlarged lymph nodeAn enlarged lymph node is usually a reaction to a nearby infection, such as a cold, throat infection or skin wound. The node often becomes tender and then gets smaller again. A hard, growing, fixed or persistently enlarged node, especially with fever, night sweats or weight loss, needs investigation.
B
Breast changesA new lump, change in shape or skin, inverted nipple or unexpected nipple discharge is often benign, but may indicate infection or breast cancer and needs assessment. Pay particular attention to changes that are new and persistent; redness with fever needs prompt care, and severe illness with rapidly spreading redness may be an emergency.
B
Benign breast changes (mastopathy)Mastopathy is a broad, not always clearly defined term for benign breast pain, tightness, lumps and cysts. Symptoms often vary with menstruation. A new firm lump, skin dimpling, bloody nipple discharge or a change in one breast needs investigation.