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- Dementia is not a single disease but a syndrome of cognitive decline that affects independent daily functioning.
- It usually develops gradually. An acute change over hours or days suggests delirium or another urgent cause until proven otherwise.
- Memory may be central, but language, planning, attention, orientation, perception, behaviour and personality may also change.
- Diagnosis requires conversations, a physical examination, cognitive assessment and investigation of treatable or worsening factors.
- A cure is not always available, but support, treatment of risk factors, activities and sometimes medicines may improve functioning or wellbeing.
- The person with dementia remains central. Decision-making must be considered for each choice, and support can help someone decide for themselves.
- Loved ones need information, respite care and attention to their own health; becoming overwhelmed is not a personal failure.
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