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- Cholesterol is essential for cell membranes, hormones and bile acids, but too much LDL cholesterol in the blood increases the risk of atherosclerosis, the build-up of plaque in arteries.
- High cholesterol almost never causes immediate symptoms. Only a blood test can establish the levels.
- A number is not assessed in isolation. Overall risk also depends on smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, kidney function, age, family history and previous vascular disease.
- LDL is the main treatment target. HDL and triglycerides provide additional information but are interpreted differently.
- Lifestyle always helps reduce overall cardiovascular risk, even when medicines are needed.
- Statins are the most widely used and best-studied type of cholesterol-lowering medicine. Other medicines may be added or used when appropriate.
- Very high inherited cholesterol may cause damage from a young age. Testing family members may then save lives.
- Every minute counts in a heart attack or stroke; call an ambulance on 912 for warning signs.
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