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General health information

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a rare but serious infectious disease caused by toxin-producing bacteria. Diphtheria in the throat in particular can block the airway and damage the heart or nerves. Suspected diphtheria needs immediate medical assessment, isolation measures and treatment; do not wait for it to improve on its own.

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  • Diphtheria is a notifiable, potentially life-threatening infection. A toxin-producing bacterium in the throat or nose can become dangerous quickly.
  • A tough grey or white layer may narrow the airway. Never try to touch or remove it.
  • Treatment may include diphtheria antitoxin, antibiotics, monitoring and breathing support if needed. Early treatment reduces the risk of lasting damage.
  • Close contacts may need tests, antibiotics and an additional vaccination, even without symptoms.
  • Vaccination mainly prevents severe illness, but having had diphtheria does not always provide reliable lasting protection.

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