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Bladder infection in women

Bladder infections are common in women because the urethra is shorter. Burning, frequent urges and pressure in the lower abdomen are typical; pregnancy, fever, back pain or blood needs earlier assessment.

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  • Bladder infection is common in women, mainly because the urethra is short and close to the vagina and anus.
  • Pain or burning when passing urine, frequently passing small amounts, a strong urge and lower abdominal pain are typical symptoms.
  • Vaginal itching, unusual discharge, sores or pain during sex is more suggestive of a vaginal cause or a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and needs different investigations.
  • Fever, shivering, side or back pain, nausea or vomiting may indicate a kidney infection: get in touch the same day.
  • If pregnant or possibly pregnant, have urinary symptoms assessed the same day. Even bacteria without symptoms may need treatment during pregnancy.
  • Antibiotics may be needed based on symptoms, risk and urine tests. Do not use an old course, and take them exactly as prescribed.
  • After menopause, vaginal dryness and changes in protective bacteria may contribute to symptoms and recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs); local treatment may sometimes help.
  • For two infections within six months or three within twelve months, a prevention and investigation plan is useful.

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Further reading

Browse A–Z
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Bladder infectionA bladder infection, or cystitis, is usually a bacterial infection of the bladder. It may cause burning when passing urine, frequent urges and lower abdominal pain; without treatment, an infection may spread up to the kidneys.
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Bladder infection in menBladder infection symptoms in men need a doctor's assessment, because a urinary tract infection (UTI) is less common and may be linked to the prostate, urinary retention, stones or another problem. A urine sample helps guide treatment.
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Bladder infection in childrenA bladder infection in children is usually bacterial. Babies and young children may only have fever, irritability or poor feeding; older children may have burning and frequent urination. Prompt assessment helps prevent a kidney infection.